Mashberg A, Boffetta P, Winkelman R, Garfinkel L. Tobacco smoking, alcohol
drinking, and cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx among U.S. veterans. Cancer
1993;72:1369–75.
Cheng KK, Duffy SW, Day NE, et al. Stopping drinking and risk of oesophageal
cancer. BMJ 1995;310:1094–7.
Deleyiannis FW-B, Thomas DB, Vaughan TL, Davis S. Alcoholism: independent
predictor of survival in patients with head and neck cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst
1996;88:542–9.
Makimoto K, Higuchi S. Alcohol consumption as a major risk factor for the rise
in liver cancer mortality rates in Japanese men. Int J Epidemiol
1999;28:30–4.
Donato F, Tagger A, Ciesa R, et al. Hepatitis B and C virus infection, alcohol
drinking, and hepatocellular carcinoma: a case-control study in Italy. Brescia HCC study.
Hepatology 1997;26:579–84.
Parazzini F, La Vecchia C, D’Avanzon B, et al. Alcohol and endometrial
cancer risk: findings from an Italian case-control study. Nutr Cancer
1995;23:55–62.
Swanson CA, Wilbanks GD, Twiggs LB, et al. Moderate alcohol consumption and
the risk of endometrial cancer. Epidemiology 1993;4:530–6.
La Vecchia C, Negri E, Franceschi S, et al. Alcohol and epithelial ovarian
cancer. J Clin Epidemiol 1992;45:1025–30.
Whittemore AS, Wu ML, Paffenbarger RS Jr, et al. Personal and environmental
characteristics related to epithelial ovarian cancer. II. Exposures to talcum powder, tobacco,
alcohol, and coffee. Am J Epidemiol 1988;128:1228–40.
Jacobs DR Jr, Marquart L, Salvin J, Kushi LH. Whole-grain intake and cancer:
an expanded review and meta-analysis. Nutr Cancer 1998;30:85–96.
Frentzel-Beyme R, Chang-Claude J. Vegetarian diets and colon cancer: the
German experience. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;59(suppl):1143S–52S.
Kinlen LJ, Hermon C, Smith PG. A proportionate study of cancer mortality among
members of a vegetarian society. Br J Cancer 1983;48:355–61.
Malter M, Schriever G, Eilber U. Natural killer cells, vitamins, and other
blood components of vegetarian and omnivorous men. Nutr Cancer
1989;32:271–8.
Armstrong BK, Brown JB, Clarke HT, et al. Diet and reproductive hormones: a
study of vegetarian and nonvegetarian postmenopausal women. J Natl Cancer Inst
1981:67:761–7.
Frentzel-Beyme R, Chang-Claud J. Vegetarian diets and colon cancer: the German
experience. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;59(5 Suppl):1143S–52S.
Thorogood M, Mann J, Appleby P, McPherson K. Risk of death from cancer and
ischaemic heart disease in meat and non-meat eaters. BMJ 1994;308:1667–71.
Block G, Patterson B, Subar A. Fruit, vegetables, and cancer prevention: a
review of the epidemiological evidence. Nutr Cancer 1992;18:1–29.
Le Marchand L, Murphy SP, Hankin JH, et al. Intake of flavonoids and lung
cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000;92:154–60.
Knekt P, Jarvinen R, Seppanen R, et al. Dietary flavonoids and the risk of
lung cancer and other malignant neoplasms. Am J Epidemiol 1997;146:223–30.
Hertog MGL, Kromhout D, Aravanis C, et al. Flavonoid intake and long-term risk
of coronary heart disease and cancer in the Seven Countries Study. Arch Intern Med
1995;155:381–6.
Levy J, Bosin E, Feldman B, et al. Lycopene is a more potent inhibitor of
human cancer cell proliferation than either α-carotene or β-carotene. Nutr
Cancer 1995;24:257–66.
Giovannucci E. Tomatoes, tomato-based products, lycopene, and cancer: review
of the epidemiologic literature. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999;91:317–31.
Beecher CWW. Cancer preventive properties of varieties of Brassica
oleracea: a review. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;59(suppl):1166S–70S.
Cover CM, Hsieh SJ, Cram EJ, et al. Indole-3-carbinol and tamoxifen cooperate
to arrest the cell cycle of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Cancer Res
1999;59:1244–51.
Walaszek Z, Hanausek-Walaszek M, Minton JP, Webb TE. Dietary glucarate as
anti-promoter of 7,12-demethylbenz [a]anthracene-induced mammary tumorigenesis.
Carcinogenesis 1986;7:1463–6.
Zhang Y, Kensler TW, Cho C-G, et al. Anticarcinogenic activities of
sulforaphane and structurally related synthetic norbornyl isothiocyanates. Proc Natl Acad
Sci USA 1994;91:3147–50.
Michaud DS, Spiegelman D, Clinton SK, et al. Fruit and vegetable intake and
incidence of bladder cancer in a male prospective cohort. J Natl Cancer Inst
1999;91:605–13.
Peters JM, Preston-Martin S, London SJ, et al. Processed meats and risk of
childhood leukemia (California, USA). Cancer Causes Control
1994;5:195–202.
Sarasua S, Savitz DA. Cured and broiled meat consumption in relation to
childhood cancer: Denver, Colorado. Cancer Causes Control 1994;5:141–8.
Bunin GR. Maternal diet during pregnancy and risk of brain tumors in children.
Int J Cancer Suppl 1998;11:23–5.
Blot WJ, Henderson BE, Boice JD Jr. Childhood cancer in relation to cured meat
intake: review of the epidemiological evidence. Nutr Cancer 1999;34:111–8.
Fernandez E, Chatenoud L, La Veccjoa C, et al. Fish consumption and cancer
risk. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70:85–90.
Pierce RJ, Kune GA, Kune S, et al. Dietary and alcohol intake, smoking pattern
occupational risk, and family history in lung cancer patients: results of a case-control study
in males. Nutr Cancer 1989;12:237–48.
Kaizer L, Boyd NF, Kriukov V, Tritchler D. Fish consumption and breast cancer
risk: an ecological study. Nutr Cancer 1989;12:61–8.
Kune GA. Eating fish protects against some cancers: epidemiological and
experimental evidence for a hypothesis. J Nutr Med 1990;1:139–44 [review].
Rose DP, Connolley JM. Omega-3 fatty acids as cancer chemopreventive agents.
Pharmacol Ther 1999;83:217–44.
Binstock M, Krakow D, Stamler J, et al. Coffee and pancreatic cancer: an
analysis of international mortality data. Am J Epidemiol 1983;118:630–40.
Nishi M, Ohba S, Hirata K, Miyake H. l Dose-response relationship between
coffee and the risk of pancreas cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 1996;26:42–8
[metaanalysis].
Donato F, Boffetta P, Fazioli R, et al. Bladder cancer, tobacco, coffee and
alcohol drinking in Brescia, northern Italy. Eur J Epidemiol
1997;13:795–800.
Rebelakos A, Trichopoulos D, Tzonou A, et al. Tobacco smoking, coffee
drinking, and occupation as risk factors for bladder cancer in Greece. J Natl Cancer
Inst 1985;75:455–61.
Vena JE, Freudenheim J, Graham S, et al. Coffee, cigarette smoking, and
bladder cancer in western New York. Ann Epidemiol 1993;3:586–91.
Jensen OM, Wahrendorf J, Knudsen JB, Sørensen BL. The Copenhagen
case-control study of bladder cancer. I. Effect of coffee and other beverages. Int J
Cancer 1986;37:651–7.
Marrett LD, Walter SD, Meigs JW. Coffee drinking and bladder cancer in
Connecticut. Am J Epidemiol 1983;117:113–27.
D’Avanzo B, La Vecchia C, Franceschi S, et al. Coffee consumption and
bladder cancer risk. Eur J Cancer 1992;28A:1480–4.
Viscoli CM, Lachs MS, Horwitz RI. Bladder cancer and coffee drinking: a
summary of case-control research. Lancet 1993;341:1432–7.
Tannenbaum A. The genesis and growth of tumors. II. Effects of caloric
restriction per se. Cancer Res 1942;2:460–7.
Macrae FA. Fat and calories in colon and breast cancer: from animal studies to
controlled clinical trials. Prev Med 1993;22:750–66 [review].
Frankel S, Gunnell DJ, Peters TJ, et al. Childhood energy intake and adult
mortality from cancer: the Boyd Orr cohort study. BMJ 1998;316:499–504.
Dirz MJM, van den Brandt PA, Goldbohm A, Lumey LH. Diet in adolescence and the
risk of breast cancer: results of the Netherlands Cohort Study. Cancer Causes Control
1999;10:189–99.
Barrett-Connor E, Friedlander NJ. Dietary fat, calories, and the risk of
breast cancer in postmenopausal women: a prospective population-based study. J Am Coll
Nutr 1993;12:390–9.
Lyon JL, Mahoney AW, West DW, et al. Energy intake: its relationship to colon
cancer risk. J Natl Cancer Inst 1987;78:853–61.
Rose DP, Boyar AP. Diet and ovarian cancer. JAMA 1985;254:2553
[letter].
Risch HA, Jain M, Marrett LD, Howe GR. Dietary fat intake and risk of
epithelial ovarian cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994;86:1409–15.
Cramer DW, Welch WR, Hutchison GE, et al. Dietary animal fat in relation to
ovarian cancer risk. Obstet Gynecol 1984;63:833–5.
Hill HA, Austin H. Nutrition and endometrial cancer. Cancer Causes
Control 1996;7:19–32 [review].
Goodman MT, Hankin JH, Wilkens LR, et al. Diet, body size, physical activity,
and the risk of endometrial cancer. Cancer Res 1997;57(22):5077–85.
Baumann CA, Rusch HP. Effect of diet on tumors induced by ultraviolet light.
Am J Cancer 1939;35:213–21.
Hunter DJ, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, et al. Diet and the risk of basal cell
carcinoma of the skin in a prospective cohort of women. Ann Epidemiol
1992;2:231–9.
Black AHS, Thornby JI, Wolf JE Jr, et al. Evidence that a low-fat diet reduces
the occurrence of non-melanoma skin cancer. Int J Cancer 1995;62:165–9.
Black HS, Herd A, Goldberg LH, et al. Effect of a low-fat diet on the
incidence of actinic keratosis. N Engl J Med 1994;330:1272–5.
Welsch CW. Relationship between dietary fat and experimental mammary
tumorigenesis: a review and critique. Cancer Res 1992;52(suppl
7):2040S–8S.
Zureik M, Ducimetière P, Warnet JM, Orssaud G. Fatty acid proportions in
cholesterol esters and risk of premature death from cancer in middle aged French men.
BMJ 1995;311:1251–4.
Hunter DJ, Willett W. Diet, body size, and breast cancer. Epidemiol
Rev 1993;15:110–32 [review].
Giovannucci E, Willett WC. Dietary lipids and colon cancer. Principles and
Practice of Oncology 1994;9:1–12.
Pearce ML, Dayton S. Incidence of cancer in men on a diet high in
polyunsaturated fat. Lancet 1971;I:464–7.
Moerman CJ, De Mesquita HBB, Runia S. Dietary sugar intake in the aetiology of
biliary tract cancer. Int J Epidemiol 1993;22:207–14.
Joossens JV, Hill MJ, Elliott P, et al. Dietary salt, nitrate and stomach
cancer mortality in 24 countries. Int J Epidemiol 1996;25:494–504.
Nazario CM, Szklo M, Diamond E, et al. Salt and gastric cancer: a case-control
study in Puerto Rico. Int J Epidemiol 1993;22:790–7.
De Stefani E, Oreggia F, Ronco A, et al. Salted meat consumption as a risk
factor for cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx: a case-control study from Uruguay.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1994;3:381–5.
Hakkak R, Korourian S, Shelnutt SR, et al. Diets containing whey proteins or
soy protein isolate protect against 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary tumors in
female rats. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2000;9:113–7.
Tsuda H, Sekine K, Ushida Y, et al. Milk and dairy products in cancer
prevention: focus on bovine lactoferrin. Mutat Res 2000;462:227–33.
Bounous G. Whey protein concentrate (WPC) and glutathione modulation in cancer
treatment. Anticancer Res 2000;20(6C):4785–92.
Kennedy RS, Konok GP, Bounous G, et al. The use of a whey protein concentrate
in the treatment of patients with metastatic carcinoma: a phase I-II clinical study.
Anticancer Res 1995;15:2643–9.